BHIC-131 – History of India from the Earliest Times up to 300 CE is the first history subject for IGNOU BAG and BAHIH students. A question on the Harappan (Indus Valley) Civilisation comes up often in term-end exams. Here is a quick revision.
Key features of the Harappan Civilisation
| 1. Town planning | Cities were laid out on a grid, with streets crossing at right angles and a raised citadel area. |
| 2. Drainage | Houses were linked to covered brick drains along the streets. |
| 3. Great Bath | The large brick tank at Mohenjo-daro, built with waterproofing, is the best-known public building. |
| 4. Seals and script | Stone seals carry animal figures and a script that has not yet been deciphered. |
| 5. Trade | Harappan seals and beads found in Mesopotamia show long-distance trade. |
Exam tip
- Name the main sites: Harappa, Mohenjo-daro, Lothal, Kalibangan and Dholavira.
- Draw a simple outline map marking these sites.
- End with a short note on the possible reasons for decline.
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